This report provides a comprehensive literature survey of permanent and temporary deterrents to nesting and roosting, a discussion of risks to human health and safety from exposure to bird nests and droppings and recommended protective measures, and the results of a multi-year field study to test temporary nesting deterrents judged to be most effective.

This report develops a framework for organizing risk-based decisions about design, maintenance, and operation for the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) applying to various types of facilities. It also provides illustrative examples for the use of the proposed framework. CDOT has an opportunity to be a national leader in assessing risks, vulnerabilities, consequences and outcomes through the implementation of a risk-based framework for facility...